A1 · Iniciante Capítulo 29

Modal Verbs: Expressing Ability and Desire

14 Regras totais
144 exemplos
8 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the verbs that express what you can, must, and want to do in daily Chinese.

  • Distinguish between learned skills and physical possibilities.
  • Express polite desires versus strong needs and future intentions.
  • Ask for permission and state obligations using proper modal syntax.
Unlock your intentions: Speak with will and ability.

O que você vai aprender

Use 能, 可以, 会, 想, 要, 肯 to express ability, permission, willingness, and desire.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Express willingness to perform a task using 肯 (kěn).
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 会 (huì) for skills and 能 (néng) for physical capacity.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Formulate polite requests and future plans using 想 (xiǎng) and 要 (yào).

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Modal verbs are essential building blocks in Chinese, just like in English. They are special words that come before other verbs to add extra meaning, showing things like ability, desire, permission, willingness, or obligation. Mastering these verbs is crucial for A1 learners, as they enable you to express your intentions and capabilities in everyday conversations.
In this chapter, you will learn to use key modal verbs like 能 (néng), 可以 (kěyǐ), 会 (huì), 想 (xiǎng), 要 (yào), 肯 (kěn), 应该 (yīnggāi), and 必须 (bìxū). You'll discover how to differentiate between can for physical ability versus learned skills, express polite desires versus strong needs, ask for permission, and communicate willingness or obligation.
By the end of this guide, you will be able to clearly express what you can or cannot do, what you want or "don't want
to do, what you
should or must" do, and even talk about future possibilities. You will also learn how to correctly negate these important verbs, empowering you to communicate more effectively and naturally in Chinese.

How This Grammar Works

Modal verbs in Chinese typically follow this structure: Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb (+ Object).
能 (néng) - Physical Ability or Possibility
Use 能 to talk about physical capability, having the energy or opportunity to do something, or general possibility.
* Example: 我能搬这个桌子。 (Wǒ néng bān zhège zhuōzi. I can move this table.)
* Example: 我今天不能去。 (Wǒ jīntiān bù néng qù. I cannot go today.)
可以 (kěyǐ) - Permission or Objective Possibility
Use 可以 to ask for or grant permission, or to indicate that something is objectively possible (e.g., allowed by rules or circumstances).
* Example: 我可以坐这里吗? (Wǒ kěyǐ zuò zhèlǐ ma? May I sit here?)
* Example: 你可以开门。 (Nǐ kěyǐ kāi mén. You can open the door.)
会 (huì) - Learned Ability or Future Prediction
Use 会 for skills you've learned or acquired through practice. It also means will or going to for future predictions or intentions.
* Learned Ability:
* Example: 她会说中文。 (Tā huì shuō Zhōngwén. She can speak Chinese (she learned how).)
* Future Prediction:
* Example: 明天会下雨。 (Míngtiān huì xià yǔ. It will rain tomorrow.)
* 会 (huì) vs. 能 (néng): 会 is for learned skills (e.g., riding a bike), while 能 is for physical ability or possibility (e.g., seeing if your legs can reach the pedals).
想 (xiǎng) - Polite Desire, Intention, or Missing
想 expresses a desire or would like to (softer than 要), an intention, or missing someone/something.
* Polite Desire/Intention:
* Example: 我想喝茶。 (Wǒ xiǎng hē chá. I would like to drink tea.)
* Example: 我想去中国。 (Wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó. I want to go to China.)
* Missing:
* Example: 我想我的妈妈。 (Wǒ xiǎng wǒ de māma. I miss my mom.)
要 (yào) - Stronger Desire, Necessity, or Future Intention
要 expresses a stronger desire (want to), a necessity (need to), or a firm future intention (will/going to).
* Strong Desire/Necessity:
* Example: 我要吃饭。 (Wǒ yào chī fàn. I want to eat. / I need to eat.)
* Future Intention:
* Example: 我要去商店。 (Wǒ yào qù shāngdiàn. I will go to the store.)
肯 (kěn) - Willingness
肯 means
to be willing to.
It's often used in negative form to express unwillingness.
* Example: 他不肯帮忙。 (Tā bù kěn bāngmáng. He is not willing to help.)
应该 (yīnggāi) - Should / Ought to
应该 expresses advice, recommendation, or a light obligation.
* Example: 你应该多学习。 (Nǐ yīnggāi duō xuéxí. You should study more.)
必须 (bìxū) - Must / Have to (Strong Obligation)
必须 expresses a strong obligation or necessity.
* Example: 我必须回家了。 (Wǒ bìxū huí jiā le. I must go home now.)
Negating Modal Verbs
Most modal verbs are negated with 不 (bù).
* Example: 我不会游泳。 (Wǒ bú huì yóuyǒng. I cannot swim.)
* Example: 我不想睡觉。 (Wǒ bù xiǎng shuìjiào. I don't want to sleep.)
While 没 (méi) is used to negate past actions or existence, it is generally *not* used directly with modal verbs for A1 level. The exception is 没能 (méi néng), meaning "couldn't or wasn't able to" in the past.

Common Mistakes

✗ 我能说中文。 (Wǒ néng shuō Zhōngwén. - if meaning I learned Chinese)
✓ 我会说中文。 (Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén.)
Why: 会 is for learned skills like speaking a language; 能 is for physical ability or possibility.
✗ 我要喝水。 (Wǒ yào hē shuǐ. - if just a polite desire)
✓ 我想喝水。 (Wǒ xiǎng hē shuǐ.)
Why: 想 is a softer, more polite way to say "I'd like to." 要 can sound more demanding or like a strong necessity.
✗ 我没会开车。 (Wǒ méi huì kāichē.)
✓ 我不会开车。 (Wǒ bú huì kāichē.)
Why: Modal verbs are almost always negated with 不 (bù), not 没 (méi).
✗ 我想咖啡。 (Wǒ xiǎng kāfēi.)
✓ 我想喝咖啡。 (Wǒ xiǎng hē kāfēi.)
Why: Modal verbs precede a main verb; you need to specify the action (e.g., 'to drink' coffee).
✗ 你应该去。 (Nǐ yīnggāi qù.)
✓ 你应该去。 (This is actually correct)
Why: (No error here, just showing a correct example as a placeholder for a common mistake, but if I must provide an error, it might be using 必须 for a light suggestion).
Let's change this to a more typical A1 mistake.
✗ 我可以学习。 (Wǒ kěyǐ xuéxí. - if meaning
I know how to study
)
✓ 我会学习。 (Wǒ huì xuéxí.)
Why: 可以 is for permission or possibility, not for a learned skill like
knowing how to study.

Real Conversations

Dialogue 1: Meeting New People

A

A

你会说中文吗? (Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma?)
B

B

我会说一点。你呢? (Wǒ huì shuō yī diǎn. Nǐ ne?)
A

A

我也会说一点。 我想喝咖啡,你可以陪我去吗? (Wǒ yě huì shuō yī diǎn. Wǒ xiǎng hē kāfēi, nǐ kěyǐ péi wǒ qù ma?)
B

B

可以! (Kěyǐ!)

*Translation:*

A

A

Can you speak Chinese?
B

B

I can speak a little. How about you?
A

A

I can also speak a little. I would like to drink coffee, can you come with me?
B

B

Yes, I can!

Dialogue 2: Making Plans

A

A

明天我们要去商店买东西。 (Míngtiān wǒmen yào qù shāngdiàn mǎi dōngxi.)
B

B

我明天有工作,不能去。 (Wǒ míngtiān yǒu gōngzuò, bù néng qù.)
A

A

没关系。那我们什么时候应该去呢? (Méiguānxi. Nà wǒmen shénme shíhou yīnggāi qù ne?)
B

B

周末我们可以去。 (Zhōumò wǒmen kěyǐ qù.)

*Translation:*

A

A

Tomorrow we want to go to the store to buy things.
B

B

I have work tomorrow, I can't go.
A

A

No problem. So when should we go?
B

B

We can go on the weekend.

Dialogue 3: Expressing Needs

A

A

你想吃面条吗? (Nǐ xiǎng chī miàntiáo ma?)
B

B

不,我不想吃面条。我必须回家吃饭。 (Bù, wǒ bù xiǎng chī miàntiáo. Wǒ bìxū huí jiā chī fàn.)
A

A

好的。他肯帮你学习吗? (Hǎo de. Tā kěn bāng nǐ xuéxí ma?)
B

B

他不肯。 (Tā bù kěn.)

*Translation:*

A

A

Do you want to eat noodles?
B

B

No, I don't want to eat noodles. I must go home to eat.
A

A

Okay. Is he willing to help you study?
B

B

He is not willing.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between 会 (huì) and 能 (néng)?

会 is for abilities acquired through learning (e.g.,

I can speak Chinese because I learned it
). 能 is for physical capabilities or possibilities (e.g.,
I can lift this box because I am strong enough
or "It's possible to go today").

Q

When should I use 想 (xiǎng) vs. 要 (yào) for want?

想 is generally softer and more polite, meaning would like to or think about. 要 implies a stronger desire, a necessity, or a firm intention, like

I want/need to.

Q

How do I negate these modal verbs?

You almost always use 不 (bù) to negate modal verbs. For example, 不会 (bú huì - cannot/will not), 不能 (bù néng - cannot/is not possible), 不想 (bù xiǎng - don't want to).

Q

Can I use 应该 (yīnggāi) for must?

应该 means should or ought to, suggesting advice or a moral obligation. For a strong must or have to, use 必须 (bìxū).

Cultural Context

In Chinese culture, politeness and indirect communication are often valued. This is reflected in the subtle differences between modal verbs. For instance, using 想 (xiǎng) for want instead of 要 (yào) is generally considered more polite and less demanding, especially when addressing elders or people you don't know well.
Directly saying «我要...» (Wǒ yào...) might sound too strong or even impolite in certain social situations, while «我想...» (Wǒ xiǎng...) conveys a gentle request or preference.
The distinction between 会 (huì) and 能 (néng) also highlights how Chinese society often categorizes abilities. Knowing a skill (会) is different from having the physical capacity or opportunity (能) to do something. This reflects a practical approach to assessing one's capabilities and acknowledging the conditions that enable or prevent actions.
Understanding these nuances helps learners not only master the grammar but also communicate in a way that is culturally appropriate and respectful.

Exemplos-chave (8)

1

我要一杯冰咖啡。

Eu quero uma xícara de café gelado.

Yào (要): O Essencial 'Querer' & Futuro
2

我们要去看电影。

Nós vamos ver um filme.

Yào (要): O Essencial 'Querer' & Futuro
3

我能吃十个汉堡。

Eu consigo comer dez hambúrgueres.

Você consegue? Verbo Modal 能 (Capacidade Física)
4

他感冒了,不能去上班。

Ele está resfriado, então não pode ir trabalhar.

Você consegue? Verbo Modal 能 (Capacidade Física)
5

{我|Wǒ} {可以|kěyǐ} {坐|zuò} {这儿|zhèr} {吗|ma}?

Posso sentar aqui?

Pedindo permissão com 可以 (kěyǐ)
6

{这儿|Zhèr} {可以|kěyǐ} {用|yòng} {支付宝|Zhīfùbǎo}。

Pode usar Alipay aqui.

Pedindo permissão com 可以 (kěyǐ)
7

Tomorrow will be very hot.

Amanhã vai estar muito quente.

Prevendo o Futuro com 'Huì' (会 - vai/será)
8

He won't reply to your message.

Ele não vai responder sua mensagem.

Prevendo o Futuro com 'Huì' (会 - vai/será)

Dicas e truques (4)

💬

Sendo Gentil

Na cultura chinesa, ser educado é tudo. Usar «想» em vez de «要» faz você parecer humilde, especialmente com desconhecidos: «我想吃这个。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Desejos Educados: Usando 想 (xiǎng) para Querer, Pensar e Sentir Saudade
💡

Na dúvida, use '想'

Se não souber se usa 'xiǎng' ou 'yào', o 'xiǎng' é mais seguro e educado: «我想喝茶。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Usando 想 (xiǎng) para dizer 'querer' ou 'sentir falta'
💡

Pedindo com Estilo

Quando estiver num restaurante, comece sua frase com «{我|wǒ} {想|xiǎng} {点|diǎn}...» para soar como um profissional.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Desejos Educados: Usando 想 (xiǎng) para 'Gostaria de'
💬

Ser direto é legal!

Não tenha medo de parecer rude. Em restaurantes chineses barulhentos, gritar 'Garçom, eu quero água!' é o padrão e não é agressivo: «服务员,我要水!»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Yào (要): O Essencial 'Querer' & Futuro

Vocabulário-chave (6)

说(shuō) to speak 做(zuò) to do/make 去(qù) to go 喝(hē) to drink 买(mǎi) to buy 学习(xuéxí) to study

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering at a Cafe

briefcase

The Job Interview

Review Summary

  • Subject + 会/能 + Verb
  • Subject + 想/要 + Verb

Erros comuns

Time words must come before the modal verb or the main verb, never at the end of the sentence.

Wrong: 我会去明天(Wǒ huì qù míngtiān).
Correto: 我明天会去(Wǒ míngtiān huì qù).

Even for past inabilities, Chinese usually uses 不 (bù) with modal verbs to express the state of inability.

Wrong: 我没能去(Wǒ méi néng qù).
Correto: 我不能去(Wǒ bù néng qù).

Do not stack 会 and 能 for the same action. Choose the one that fits the context (skill vs. ability).

Wrong: 我会能说中文(Wǒ huì néng shuō Zhōngwén).
Correto: 我会说中文(Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén).

Regras neste capítulo (14)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a huge part of conversational Chinese. Being able to express your 'will' is what makes you a real communicator. Keep practicing those nuances between 会 and 能!

Look in the mirror and state 3 things you 'can' do (会) and 3 things you 'want' to do (想).

Prática rápida (10)

Preencha a lacuna

{他|tā}{太|tài}{累|lèi}{了|le},___ {打|dǎ}{游戏|yóuxì}{了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {不能|bùnéng}
Como ele está 'muito cansado' (estado físico), ele não 'consegue' jogar agora.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Você consegue? Verbo Modal 能 (Capacidade Física)

Preencha a lacuna com o verbo modal correto para 'deveria'.

你 ___ 每天学习汉语。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 应该
应该 (yīnggāi) é a palavra correta para 'deveria' neste contexto de conselho.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbos modais chineses: Como dizer 'Deveria' (应该 yīnggāi)

Qual frase está correta para pedir permissão?

Você quer saber se pode abrir a janela.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我可以开窗吗? (Wǒ kěyǐ kāi chuāng ma?)
A estrutura Pessoa + 可以 + Verbo + 吗 é o padrão para pedir permissão.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pedindo permissão com 可以 (kěyǐ)

Qual frase pergunta corretamente 'Você sabe cozinhar?'

Escolha a frase gramaticalmente correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 你会做饭吗?
Você pode usar '会...吗?' ou '会不会...?', mas nunca os dois juntos.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sabe fazer? Usando 会 (huì) para habilidades aprendidas

Encontre e corrija o erro na frase.

Find and fix the mistake:

她想一个新电脑。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 她想买一个新电脑。
Você não pode usar '想' direto com um objeto. Precisa de um verbo como 'comprar' (mǎi).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Usando 想 (xiǎng) para dizer 'querer' ou 'sentir falta'

Encontre e corrija o erro

Find and fix the mistake:

{你|nǐ}{能|néng}{不|bù}{能|néng}{看|kàn}{吗|ma}?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ambas as opções acima estão corretas.
A frase original tinha tanto 'néng bù néng' quanto 'ma', o que é redundante. Você deve escolher um ou outro.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Você consegue? Verbo Modal 能 (Capacidade Física)

Qual frase está correta para 'Ele não virá'?

Escolha a frase gramaticalmente correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {他|tā} {不|bù} {会|huì} {来|lái}。
A negativa do futuro é formada colocando {不|bù} antes do {会|huì}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prevendo o Futuro com 'Huì' (会 - vai/será)

Corrija o erro na tradução.

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu vou comer: {我吃要|Wǒ chī yào}.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我要吃|Wǒ yào chī}
O «要» deve vir ANTES do verbo «吃», assim como o 'vou' vem antes de 'comer' em português.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Yào (要): O Essencial 'Querer' & Futuro

Corrija o erro na ordem das palavras.

你学习应该。 (Nǐ xuéxí yīnggāi.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 你应该学习。
Verbos modais como 应该 devem ser colocados antes do verbo principal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbos modais chineses: Como dizer 'Deveria' (应该 yīnggāi)

Preencha o espaço com o verbo modal correto para pedir permissão.

Com licença, ___ eu dar uma olhada no cardápio? 不好意思,我___看一下菜单吗? (Bù hǎoyìsi, wǒ ___ kàn yīxià càidān ma?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 可以 (kěyǐ)
Você está pedindo permissão para ver o menu, por isso 'kěyǐ' é o correto. 'Huì' é para habilidades aprendidas.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pedindo permissão com 可以 (kěyǐ)

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

Sim! É perfeito. Dizer «我想吃...» é educado e soa muito natural no restaurante.
O {想|xiǎng} é 'querer agora', enquanto {喜欢|xǐhuān} é 'gostar em geral'. Você pode {喜欢|xǐhuān} pizza, mas agora não {想|xiǎng} comer.
Para iniciantes, ele tem dois: 'querer fazer algo' (com verbo) e 'sentir saudade' (com substantivo): «我想你。»
É fácil! Só colocar o '不' (bù) antes dele. Por exemplo: «我不想去。»
O 想 é usado antes de outro verbo (ex: 想喝). Já o 想要 pode ser usado com um objeto direto (ex: «我想要咖啡») e é um pouco mais firme.
Sim! Quando usado sozinho, significa pensar. Por exemplo: «让我想想» significa 'deixe-me pensar'.