A1 Present Tense 12 min read سهل

قول "يوجد/هناك" (Há)

استخدم الكلمة السحرية «Há» عشان تعبر عن الوجود أو مرور الوقت، سواء كنت بتتكلم عن حاجة واحدة أو حاجات كتير.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'há' to express existence, meaning 'there is' or 'there are', regardless of whether the following noun is singular or plural.

  • Use 'há' for both singular and plural: 'Há um livro' (There is a book), 'Há dois livros' (There are two books).
  • Never change 'há' to match the noun; it is invariant.
  • In informal Brazilian Portuguese, 'tem' is often used instead of 'há'.
Há + [Noun] = There is/are [Noun]

نظرة عامة

هل سبق لك أن دخلت غرفة وأردت الإشارة إلى كل شيء تراه؟ «هناك بيتزا»، «هناك خمس قطط»، «هناك رائحة غريبة». في الإنجليزية (وبعض اللغات الأخرى)، عليك القيام بحسابات ذهنية للاختيار بين صيغة المفرد والجمع.
في البرتغالية، الفعل haver (وتحديدًا الصيغة ) هو صديقك المريح الذي لا يهتم بالأرقام إطلاقًا. إنه يظل كما هو سواء كنت تتحدث عن جورب وحيد أو ألف مشجع يصرخون في حفل غنائي.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

يعمل الفعل haver كفعل «وجودي» هنا. إنه ببساطة يعلن أن شيئًا ما موجود في الكون. الخدعة السحرية؟ إنه غير شخصي (impersonal). ليس له فاعل قياسي مثل «أنا» أو «أنت». إنه فقط *يكون*.
لأنه لا يوجد فاعل ليتوافق معه، فإنه يتجمد في صيغة الغائب المفرد. يرفض التغيير.
  • الإنجليزية: There is a dog / There are dogs (الفعل يتغير 😰)
  • البرتغالية: um cão / cães (الفعل يبقى ثابتًا 😎)

نمط التكوين

1
من الناحية التقنية، haver له تصريف كامل، لكن بالنسبة لمعنى «يوجد/هناك»، يمكنك تجاهل 90% منه. تحتاج فقط إلى مقطع صوتي صغير واحد.
2
خذ الفعل haver.
3
تجاهل التصريفات المعقدة.
4
خذ صيغة الغائب المفرد: .
5
استخدمها لكل شيء موجود في الحاضر.
6
*ملاحظة: حرف h صامت. الكلمة تُنطق تمامًا مثل «آ»!*

متى نستخدمها

  1. 1للوجود (Existence): لقول ما هو موجود في مكان معين.
  • muito trânsito hoje.
    (يوجد ازدحام مروري كبير اليوم.)
  • vagas no hotel?
    (هل توجد غرف شاغرة في الفندق؟)
  1. 1للوقت المنقضي (Time Passed): لقول كم من الوقت مضى (بمعنى «منذ»).
  • Cheguei cinco minutos.
    (وصلت قبل خمس دقائق / منذ خمس دقائق.)
  1. 1السياقات الرسمية/القياسية: في البرتغال، هي الصيغة القياسية. في البرازيل، تُستخدم في الكتابة والأخبار، بينما في الحديث العامي يفضلون ter.

الأخطاء الشائعة

  • فخ الجمع: يحاول المتعلمون جمعه لأنهم يترجمون من لغات أخرى. يقولون
    Hão muitas pessoas
    . 🛑 توقف. إنه دائمًا مفرد. الصحيح:
    muitas pessoas.
  • النطق: نسيان أن h صامت. لا تُنطق «ها»، بل «آ».
  • الإملاء: الخلط بين (فعل) و a (حرف جر). صوتهما متطابق. إذا كان بإمكانك استبدالها بـ «يوجد» أو «منذ»، استخدم H!

مقارنة مع أنماط مشابهة

Haver (القياسية) مقابل Ter (عامية البرازيل):

في البرازيل، يحب الناس استخدام ter (يملك) بدلاً من haver في اللغة المحكية.

*رسمي/البرتغال*:
um problema.
(يوجد مشكلة.)
*عامي برازيلي*:
Tem um problema.
(حرفيًا: يملك مشكلة.)
Haver مقابل Ser/Estar:

Ser/Estar يصفان الشيء. Haver يقدم وجود الشيء.

O leite está na mesa.
(الحليب على الطاولة - نحن نعرف عن الحليب.)
leite na mesa.
(يوجد حليب على الطاولة - مفاجأة، الحليب موجود هناك!)

أسئلة شائعة

س: هل يمكنني استخدام للماضي؟
ج: لا. للحاضر فقط. للماضي نستخدم havia.
س: هل تعني «يوجد» للمفرد وللجمع؟
ج: نعم! كلمة واحدة تحكم الجميع. Há um livro (يوجد كتاب) و Há dois livros (يوجد كتابان).
س: لماذا أرى há de أحيانًا؟
ج: هذا تركيب متقدم مختلف يعني «سوف» أو النية القوية. لا تقلق بشأنه في مستوى A1!

The Invariant 'Há'

Form Portuguese English
Affirmative
There is / There are
Negative
Não há
There is not / There are not
Interrogative
Há?
Is there? / Are there?
Negative Interrogative
Não há?
Isn't there? / Aren't there?

Meanings

The verb 'haver' in the third-person singular present is used to indicate the existence of something or someone.

1

Existence

To state that something exists in a specific place or time.

“Há um gato no jardim.”

“Há problemas aqui.”

Reference Table

Reference table for قول "يوجد/هناك" (Há)
السياق بالبرتغالية الترجمة
وجود مفرد
**Há** uma mesa.
توجد طاولة واحدة.
وجود جمع
**Há** duas mesas.
توجد طاولتان.
سؤال
**Há** alguém aqui?
هل يوجد أحد هنا؟
نفي
Não **há** problema.
لا توجد مشكلة.
الزمن (منذ)
**Há** pouco tempo.
منذ وقت قصير.
عامية برازيلية
**Tem** muita gente.
يوجد الكثير من الناس.

طيف الرسمية

رسمي
Há uma reunião hoje.

Há uma reunião hoje. (Workplace)

محايد
Há uma reunião hoje.

Há uma reunião hoje. (Workplace)

غير رسمي
Tem uma reunião hoje.

Tem uma reunião hoje. (Workplace)

عامية
Tem reunião hoje, cara.

Tem reunião hoje, cara. (Workplace)

عالم كلمة 'Há'

الوجود

  • Há um livro يوجد كتاب واحد
  • Há mil livros يوجد ألف كتاب

الزمن

  • Há uma hora منذ ساعة
  • Há anos منذ سنوات

الاستخدام في أوروبا والبرازيل

رسمي / البرتغال
Há pão? هل يوجد خبز؟
Há pessoas. يوجد ناس.
عامي / البرازيل
Tem pão? في خبز؟
Tem gente. في ناس.

هل يجب أن أستخدم 'Há'؟

1

هل تقول أن شيئًا ما موجود؟

YES
الخطوة التالية
NO
استخدم Ser/Estar
2

هل تتحدث في الحاضر؟

YES
استخدم 'Há' (للمفرد)
NO
استخدم Havia/Houve
3

هل الفاعل جمع؟

YES
استمر في استخدام 'Há'!
NO ↓

سياقات استخدام 'Há'

🔢

الكمية

  • Há muito...
  • Há pouco...
  • Não há nada...
📍

المكان

  • Há aqui...
  • Há lá...
  • Há em casa...

الزمن

  • Há dias...
  • Há pouco...
  • Há quanto tempo?

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

Há um carro aqui.

There is a car here.

2

Há muitas pessoas.

There are many people.

3

Não há leite.

There is no milk.

4

Há um problema?

Is there a problem?

1

Há dois gatos no sofá.

There are two cats on the sofa.

2

Há uma farmácia perto?

Is there a pharmacy nearby?

3

Não há nada para comer.

There is nothing to eat.

4

Há muitas lojas nesta rua.

There are many shops on this street.

1

Há anos que não o vejo.

It has been years since I saw him.

2

Há uma grande diferença entre eles.

There is a big difference between them.

3

Não há motivos para preocupação.

There is no reason for concern.

4

Há quem diga o contrário.

There are those who say the opposite.

1

Há de se considerar as consequências.

One must consider the consequences.

2

Há uma vasta gama de opções.

There is a wide range of options.

3

Não há como negar a evidência.

There is no way to deny the evidence.

4

Há de haver uma solução.

There must be a solution.

1

Há que se tomar medidas urgentes.

It is necessary to take urgent measures.

2

Não há senão aceitar o destino.

There is nothing to do but accept fate.

3

Há muito que a cidade mudou.

The city has changed a long time ago.

4

Há de ser verdade, suponho.

It must be true, I suppose.

1

Há de se ter paciência com o processo.

One must have patience with the process.

2

Não há quem não saiba a verdade.

There is no one who doesn't know the truth.

3

Há de se convir que a situação é complexa.

One must agree that the situation is complex.

4

Há de se notar a sutileza do autor.

One must note the author's subtlety.

سهل الخلط

Saying 'There Is/Are' (Há) مقابل Haver vs. Ter

Learners often use 'ter' for existence in European Portuguese, which is incorrect.

Saying 'There Is/Are' (Há) مقابل Há vs. A

Learners confuse the verb 'há' with the preposition 'a'.

Saying 'There Is/Are' (Há) مقابل Haver vs. Ser

Learners use 'ser' to express existence.

أخطاء شائعة

Hão muitos livros.

Há muitos livros.

The verb 'haver' is impersonal and does not pluralize.

É muitos livros.

Há muitos livros.

Do not use 'ser' for existence.

Tem muitos livros.

Há muitos livros.

While common in Brazil, 'há' is the standard form.

A muitos livros.

Há muitos livros.

Confusing the preposition 'a' with the verb 'há'.

Hão de ser problemas.

Há de ser problemas.

Again, 'haver' remains singular.

Não hão livros.

Não há livros.

Incorrect negation structure.

Tem que há livros.

Há livros.

Redundant usage.

Haveram muitos problemas.

Houve muitos problemas.

Incorrect past tense conjugation.

Há que existem soluções.

Há soluções.

Redundant structure.

Há de haverem soluções.

Há de haver soluções.

Incorrect infinitive agreement.

Haveriam de ser muitos.

Haveria de ser muitos.

Incorrect conditional agreement.

Não há de se verem.

Não há de se ver.

Reflexive verb agreement error.

Hão de se considerar.

Há de se considerar.

Pluralization error in formal construction.

أنماط الجُمل

Há ___ aqui.

Não há ___ na geladeira.

Há ___ que não viajo.

Há de se ___ para vencer.

Real World Usage

Travel very common

Há um ônibus para o aeroporto?

Texting constant

Tem festa hoje?

Job Interview common

Há uma vaga disponível?

Food Delivery common

Há opções vegetarianas?

News Report very common

Há relatos de chuva.

Academic Paper common

Há evidências de que...

⚠️

لا تجمع الكلمة أبدًا

ماتقولش 'hão' أبدًا لما تحب تقول 'يوجد' للجمع، هي 'Há' وبس:
Há muitos carros na rua.
💬

كلام الشوارع في البرازيل

لو زرت البرازيل، هتسمعهم بيقولوا 'Tem' بدل 'Há' في أغلب الوقت:
Tem muita gente no shopping.
🎯

بمعنى 'منذ'

في الإنجليزي 'ago' بتيجي في الآخر، بس في البرتغالي 'Há' بتيجي في الأول:
Há cinco anos eu estudo.

Smart Tips

Stop yourself from saying 'are'. Just say 'há'.

Are muitos livros. Há muitos livros.

Always use 'há' instead of 'tem'.

Tem uma reunião às 10h. Há uma reunião às 10h.

Use 'há' to say how long ago something happened.

Dois anos atrás. Há dois anos.

If you are describing existence, 'há' is your safest bet.

Existe muitos problemas. Há muitos problemas.

النطق

IPA: /a/

The 'H'

The 'h' in Portuguese is always silent.

IPA: /a/

The accent

The circumflex accent on 'â' indicates a closed vowel sound.

Statement

Há um livro. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Há um livro? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

H-A: 'H' stands for 'Here' and 'A' stands for 'Always'. It's always here!

ربط بصري

Imagine a magical box. No matter how many items you put inside—one apple or ten apples—the box label 'Há' never changes its size or shape.

Rhyme

Singular or plural, don't you fear, just use 'há' and it's always clear.

Story

Maria is organizing her library. She looks at a shelf with one book and says 'Há um livro'. Then she adds ten more books and says 'Há muitos livros'. Her friend asks if there are any magazines, and she says 'Não há revistas'.

Word Web

existênciapresençatempohaverimpersonalinvariável

تحدٍّ

Look around your room right now. Write down 5 sentences using 'Há' to describe what you see (e.g., 'Há uma mesa', 'Há duas cadeiras').

ملاحظات ثقافية

In Brazil, 'tem' is the dominant existential verb in speech. Using 'há' can sound very formal or literary.

In Portugal, 'há' is the standard for both speech and writing. 'Ter' is strictly for possession.

In all Lusophone countries, academic writing requires 'há' to maintain a professional tone.

Derived from the Latin 'habere', which originally meant 'to have'.

بدايات محادثة

Há algum restaurante bom aqui perto?

Quantas pessoas há na sua família?

Há algum problema com o projeto?

Há de se esperar mudanças no futuro?

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Describe your room using 'Há'.
What are the main problems in your city?
Reflect on a past event using 'Há' for time.
Discuss the challenges of learning a language.

أخطاء شائعة

Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح

Test Yourself

املأ الفراغ بصيغة الفعل الصحيحة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
نستخدم 'Há' (مفرد) حتى لو كان الشيء الذي نتحدث عنه جمع (سيارتان).
اختر الجملة الصحيحة قواعديًا.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
الفعل haver يبقى في صيغة المفرد بغض النظر عن الجمع الذي يليه.
صحح الخطأ في الجملة التالية.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
عند الحديث عن الوقت الماضي (منذ)، نستخدم (فعل) وليس a (حرف جر).

Score: /3

تمارين تطبيقية

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form.

___ muitos alunos na sala.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
'Há' is the only correct existential verb.
Choose the correct sentence. اختيار متعدد

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há um problema.
The verb is invariant.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Hão muitos carros na rua.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há muitos carros na rua.
Pluralization is incorrect.
Transform to negative. Sentence Transformation

Há um café aqui.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Não há um café aqui.
Negation goes before the verb.
Match the usage. Match Pairs

Match the meaning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há = There is
The primary meaning is existential.
Select the formal option. اختيار متعدد

Which is more formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há uma reunião.
'Há' is the standard formal choice.
Fill in the blank for time.

___ dois anos que não viajo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
'Há' indicates time elapsed.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: [muitos / Há / problemas / aqui]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há muitos problemas aqui.
Standard word order.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
أكمل الجملة. املأ الفراغ

Não ___ nada na geladeira! (لا يوجد شيء في الثلاجة!)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
أي ترجمة هي الصحيحة؟ اختيار متعدد

توجد حفلة الليلة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há uma festa hoje à noite.
صحح الخطأ. Error Correction

Hão cinco pessoas na sala.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há cinco pessoas na sala.
صل الجملة البرتغالية بترجمتها. Match Pairs

صل الجمل ببعضها.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
رتب الكلمات لتكوين جملة. Sentence Reorder

muita / aqui / gente / Há

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há muita gente aqui
املأ الفراغ للتعبير عن الزمن. املأ الفراغ

Nós nos conhecemos ___ dez anos. (تعارفنا منذ عشر سنوات.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
اختر الصيغة الصحيحة لـ 'يوجد'. اختيار متعدد

___ muitas opções no menu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
حدد الخطأ الإملائي. Error Correction

A muito barulho na rua.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há muito barulho na rua.
ترجم إلى البرتغالية. الترجمة

لا توجد تذاكر.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Não há bilhetes.
أكمل السؤال. املأ الفراغ

___ algum médico aqui? (هل يوجد طبيب هنا؟)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
اختر الاستخدام الصحيح. اختيار متعدد

كيف تقول 'منذ وقت طويل'؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Há muito tempo.
رتب الكلمات. Sentence Reorder

vagas / não / Há / hotel / no

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Não há vagas no hotel

Score: /12

الأسئلة الشائعة (8)

Because 'haver' is an impersonal verb. It doesn't have a subject, so it stays in the third-person singular.

Yes, in informal Brazilian Portuguese, 'tem' is very common. However, 'há' is preferred in formal writing.

No. 'Há' is a verb meaning 'there is'. 'A' is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'at'.

Just use the same structure and add a question mark, e.g., 'Há alguém aqui?'.

Yes, it becomes 'houve' (there was/were).

Yes, it is the standard form for both speech and writing in Portugal.

Trying to pluralize it as 'hão'. Remember, it is always 'há'.

No, use 'ter' for possession. 'Há' is only for existence.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Hay

The spelling is different, but the usage is identical.

French moderate

Il y a

French requires a multi-word phrase, whereas Portuguese uses a single verb.

German moderate

Es gibt

German uses the verb 'geben' (to give) for existence.

Japanese low

Arimasu / Imasu

Portuguese 'há' covers both animate and inanimate objects.

Arabic moderate

Yujad

Arabic verb conjugation is much more complex than the invariant 'há'.

Chinese moderate

You

Chinese 'you' is used for both possession and existence, similar to Brazilian 'ter'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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