Resultatszustand (-아/어/여 있다): 'Ist geöffnet', 'Sitzt' beschreiben
Zustand nach einer Aktion, wie sitzen, offen sein oder an sein.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -아/어/여 있다 to describe a state that continues after an action has been completed.
- Attach -아/어/여 to the verb stem based on vowel harmony.
- Add 있다 to indicate the state remains unchanged.
- Use this for verbs that imply a resulting state like 'sit', 'open', or 'die'.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Wichtig: Das funktioniert fast NIE mit Verben, die ein Objekt haben („Pizza essen“). Du benutzt es mit intransitiven Verben (ohne Objekt) oder Passivverben.
- Intransitiv: Sitzen, stehen, liegen, bleiben.
- Passiv: Geöffnet werden, geschlossen werden.
Formation Pattern
When To Use It
- Haltung: „Er steht (서 있어요) dort.“
- Zustand: „Warum ist das Fenster offen (열려 있어요)?“
Common Mistakes
- ❌ 문을 열려 있어요. (Falsch)
- ✅ 문이 열려 있어요. (Die Tür ist offen.)
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- 앉고 있어요: „Ich setze mich gerade hin.“ (Bewegung).
- 앉아 있어요: „Ich sitze.“ (Zustand).
Quick FAQ
Resultative State Formation
| Verb | Stem | Ending | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
앉다
|
앉
|
-아 있다
|
앉아 있다
|
|
열다
|
열
|
-어 있다
|
열려 있다
|
|
켜다
|
켜
|
-어 있다
|
켜져 있다
|
|
닫다
|
닫
|
-아 있다
|
닫혀 있다
|
|
놓다
|
놓
|
-아 있다
|
놓여 있다
|
|
하다
|
하
|
-여 있다
|
해 있다
|
Meanings
This grammar pattern describes a state that persists after an action has been performed. It focuses on the result of the action rather than the action itself.
Resulting State
The current condition of an object or person resulting from a previous action.
“창문이 닫혀 있어요.”
“그는 의자에 앉아 있어요.”
Reference Table
| Verbtyp | Verbstamm | Konjugation | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ㅏ/ㅗ Vokal
|
앉다 (sitzen)
|
앉아 있다
|
Sitzt (Zustand)
|
|
ㅏ/ㅗ Vokal
|
남다 (übrig bleiben)
|
남아 있다
|
Ist übrig
|
|
Andere Vokale
|
서다 (stehen)
|
서 있다
|
Steht (Zustand)
|
|
Andere Vokale
|
열리다 (geöffnet sein)
|
열려 있다
|
Ist offen
|
|
Andere Vokale
|
꺼지다 (ausgehen)
|
꺼져 있다
|
Ist aus
|
|
Passiv-Form
|
닫히다 (geschlossen sein)
|
닫혀 있다
|
Ist zu
|
Formalitätsspektrum
문이 열려 있습니다. (General observation)
문이 열려 있어요. (General observation)
문이 열려 있어. (General observation)
문 열려 있네. (General observation)
Zeitstrahl: Aktion vs. Zustand
Aktion im Gange
- 앉고 있다 Gerade beim Hinsetzen
Resultativer Zustand
- 앉아 있다 Sitzend (schon auf dem Stuhl)
Transitiv vs. Passiver Zustand
Entscheidungsbaum Konjugation
Endet der Verbstamm auf ㅏ oder ㅗ?
Endet es auf 하다?
Häufige Kontexte
Körperhaltung
- • 앉아 있다 (Sitzen)
- • 서 있다 (Stehen)
- • 누워 있다 (Liegen)
Objekt-Status
- • 열려 있다 (Offen)
- • 닫혀 있다 (Zu)
- • 잠겨 있다 (Abgeschlossen)
Geräte-Status
- • 켜져 있다 (An)
- • 꺼져 있다 (Aus)
- • 고장 나 있다 (Kaputt)
Beispiele nach Niveau
의자에 앉아 있어요.
I am sitting on the chair.
문이 열려 있어요.
The door is open.
불이 켜져 있어요.
The light is on.
창문이 닫혀 있어요.
The window is closed.
그는 안경을 쓰고 있어요.
He is wearing glasses.
가방이 놓여 있어요.
The bag is placed there.
꽃이 피어 있어요.
The flowers are blooming.
책이 쌓여 있어요.
The books are piled up.
그들은 서로 마주 보고 앉아 있어요.
They are sitting facing each other.
컴퓨터가 켜져 있지 않아요.
The computer is not turned on.
벽에 사진이 걸려 있어요.
A picture is hanging on the wall.
길이 막혀 있어요.
The road is blocked.
모든 준비가 완료되어 있어요.
All preparations are completed.
그는 깊은 생각에 잠겨 있어요.
He is lost in deep thought.
문제가 해결되어 있어요.
The problem is resolved.
그녀는 화가 나 있어요.
She is angry.
그의 이름이 명단에 적혀 있어요.
His name is written on the list.
그 마을은 산에 둘러싸여 있어요.
The village is surrounded by mountains.
그는 고향을 떠나 있어요.
He is away from his hometown.
그 사실은 이미 알려져 있어요.
That fact is already known.
그 전통은 오랫동안 이어져 있어요.
The tradition has been continued for a long time.
그는 세상과 단절되어 있어요.
He is disconnected from the world.
그 법안은 계류되어 있어요.
The bill is pending.
그의 마음은 닫혀 있어요.
His heart is closed.
Leicht verwechselbar
Both involve -있다, but one is for active progress and the other for static state.
Both describe states, but -두다 implies an action done for a future purpose.
Some resultative verbs look like passive forms.
Häufige Fehler
문이 열고 있어요.
문이 열려 있어요.
앉고 있어요.
앉아 있어요.
불이 켜고 있어요.
불이 켜져 있어요.
책이 놓아 있어요.
책이 놓여 있어요.
창문이 닫고 있어요.
창문이 닫혀 있어요.
꽃이 피고 있어요.
꽃이 피어 있어요.
가방이 두고 있어요.
가방이 놓여 있어요.
그는 화가 나고 있어요.
그는 화가 나 있어요.
문제는 해결하고 있어요.
문제는 해결되어 있어요.
길이 막고 있어요.
길이 막혀 있어요.
Satzmuster
___이/가 ___아/어/여 있어요.
___에 ___이/가 ___아/어/여 있어요.
___는 ___아/어/여 있지 않아요.
___가 ___에 ___아/어/여 있어서 ___.
Real World Usage
지금 카페에 앉아 있어.
꽃이 예쁘게 피어 있어요.
준비가 완료되어 있습니다.
문이 닫혀 있어요.
가게 문이 열려 있어요.
컴퓨터가 켜져 있어요.
Die Partikel-Falle
Der Passiv-Shortcut
Der 'Ich bin da'-Trick
Smart Tips
Use -아/어/여 있다 for everything that has a fixed state.
Use it for postures like sitting or standing.
Use it for lights, computers, and machines.
Use it for states like being angry or happy.
Aussprache
Linking
The final consonant of the verb stem often links to the '이' in '있어요'.
Declarative
문이 열려 있어요 ↘
Stating a fact.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of it as 'The state is staying'. If you are sitting, you are 'staying' in that sitting position.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a door that has been opened and is now frozen in that open position. The '있어요' is the ice holding it in place.
Rhyme
Action done, state stays, -아/어/여 있다 always plays.
Story
I walked into the room. The door was open (열려 있다). I saw my friend sitting (앉아 있다) on the chair. The light was on (켜져 있다). Everything was in a state.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Look around your room right now and describe 3 things using -아/어/여 있다.
Kulturelle Hinweise
Koreans are very precise about state vs. action. Using the wrong one can sound like you are currently performing the action (e.g., standing up) instead of just being in the state.
Derived from the verb '있다' (to exist/be) combined with the connective -아/어/여.
Gesprächseinstiege
지금 어디에 앉아 있어요?
창문이 열려 있어요?
방에 불이 켜져 있어요?
그 문제는 해결되어 있어요?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
Wähle den natürlichen Satz für 'Die Tür ist offen'.
Die Schüler sitzen. 학생들이 ___ 있어요. (앉다 - sitzen)
창문을 닫혀 있어요. (Das Fenster ist geschlossen.)
Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercises문이 ___ 있어요. (열다)
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
불이 켜고 있어요.
창문이 닫혀 있어요.
-아/어/여 있다 is for actions in progress.
A: 지금 뭐 해요? B: 의자에 ___.
벽에 / 사진이 / 걸려 / 있어요.
열다 -> ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises불이 ___ 있어요. (Das Licht ist an.) [켜지다]
Opa liegt (gerade).
놓여 / 책상 / 가방이 / 위에 / 있어요
Identifiziere den Fehler.
Ordne zu: Aktion zu Zustand
Schau dir die Blätter an. 낙엽이 ___ 있어요. (gefallener Zustand)
Wann würdest du '친구가 서 있어요' sagen?
카페에 사람이 안 계세요.
컵이 깨고 있어요. (Die Tasse ist zerbrochen.)
An der Tafel ___ der Name. (ist geschrieben)
종이___ 떨어져 있어요. (Ein Papier liegt auf dem Boden.)
들어가 / 방에 / 있어요 / 친구가
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, only for verbs that imply a resulting state.
-고 있다 is for active movement, -아/어/여 있다 is for static states.
Add -지 않다 to the 있다 part.
It can be used in all registers by changing the ending of 있다.
Yes, just change 있다 to 있었어요.
Some verbs have irregular passive-like state forms.
Yes, like '화가 나 있다'.
Yes, it is extremely common.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Estar + participio
Spanish uses past participles, while Korean uses the -아/어/여 form.
Zustandspassiv
German focuses on the passive state, Korean focuses on the verb's result.
Être + participe passé
French requires gender/number agreement, Korean does not.
-te iru
Japanese uses the -te form, Korean uses -아/어/여.
Verb + zhe
Chinese 'zhe' is a particle, Korean '있다' is a full verb.
Ism al-maf'ul
Arabic is highly morphological; Korean is agglutinative.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Gegenwart: Der höfliche 'Yo'-Stil (아/어/여요)
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