B1 Past Tense 9 min read 中等

把东西放进过去：动词 Pôr (pus, pôs)

Master the irregular pus- stem to talk about anything you put, posted, or supposed in the past.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The verb 'pôr' (to put) becomes 'pus-' in the past tense; just add the irregular endings.

  • The stem changes from 'pôr' to 'pus-' for all persons.
  • Use the specific irregular endings: -e, -este, -e, -emos, -estes, -eram.
  • Note that 'pôs' (3rd person singular) has an accent to distinguish it from the preposition 'pos'.
Subject + (pus + ending) + Object

Overview

### Overview
在葡萄牙语的学习过程中，动词 pôr (放置) 绝对是让很多初学者感到头疼的“刺头”。为什么这么说呢？因为绝大多数葡萄牙语动词都遵循 -ar、-er 或 -ir 的变位规则，但 pôr 却是一个特立独行的存在。从词源上看，它古时候是 poer，属于 -er 动词，但在漫长的演变中，中间的 e 消失了，只剩下这个单音节的动词。在中文语法里，我们表达“放”这个动作非常简单，无论主语是谁、时间如何，动词“放”本身是不变的，我们只需要通过添加“了”、“过”或者时间状语来表示过去。但在葡萄牙语中，pôr 在 Pretérito Perfeito (简单过去时) 中会发生彻底的“变形”，变成 pus- 开头的形式。这就像是一个动词进了“证人保护计划”，彻底改头换面了。对于母语为中文的同学来说，这种动词形态的剧烈变化是最大的难点。你可能会问：为什么要学这个？因为 pôr 是葡萄牙语里的“瑞士军刀”，无论是在咖啡厅点餐、在地铁上给朋友发微信，还是在淘宝（或者葡萄牙的电商平台）上给商品写评价，你都会用到它。从放盐在咖啡里（不小心的话），到在 Instagram 上发布动态，它无处不在。掌握它，你不仅掌握了一个动词，还掌握了包括 supor (假设)、impor (强加) 在内的一整套动词家族。别被它短小的外表骗了，它在日常对话中承载的信息量非常大。只要理解了它的逻辑，你会发现它其实很有规律，甚至有点可爱。
### How This Grammar Works
在简单过去时中，pôr 是高度不规则的。你不能简单地去掉词尾加后缀，而是整个词干都从 p- 变成了 pus-。你可以把 pus- 看作是这个动词在过去时里的“新基地”。很多同学会把它和动词 poder (能够) 搞混，因为它们在过去时里看起来很像。poder 的过去时是 pude，而 pôr 是 pus。记住这个小技巧：pus 里的 s 可以联想为 Setting (放置) 的 s，表示你把某物放置在某处，这是一个一次性完成的动作。在第三人称单数 pôs 中，那个重音符号（circumflex）非常重要，没有它，它就和介词 por (为了/通过) 撞车了。这个小小的“帽子”在语法上承担了极其关键的区分作用。在巴西葡萄牙语中，人们口语里更倾向于用 colocar 来代替 pôr，因为 colocar 变位更规则，听起来更现代。但在葡萄牙本土，pôr 依然是绝对的主流。不过，即便在巴西，你也无法避开它，尤其是在使用它的派生词时。比如 supor (假设) 和 impor (强加)，它们都完全遵循 pus- 这个模式。这就像是买一送五的优惠，一旦你掌握了 pôr 的变位逻辑，你就同时解锁了这一系列动词。这就像玩游戏升级一样，一次性获得大量技能点。记住，核心就是 pus- 这个词干，剩下的就是跟着节奏走。起初可能会觉得拗口，但只要多读几遍，肌肉记忆就会形成。
### Formation Pattern
让我们拆解一下 pôr 在简单过去时的变位过程。请暂时忘记原型 pôr，我们来构建新的形式：
  1. 1词干锁定：pus-。
  2. 2第一人称单数 (Eu)：直接用 pus。
  3. 3第二人称单数 (Tu)：加 -este，变为 puseste。
  4. 4第三人称单数 (Ele/Ela/Você)：特殊形式 pôs (注意重音符号)。
  5. 5第一人称复数 (Nós)：加 -emos，变为 pusemos。
  6. 6第三人称复数 (Eles/Elas/Vocês)：加 -eram，变为 puseram。
| 人称 | 变位形式 | 中文含义 |
|---|---|---|
| Eu | pus | 我放了 |
| Tu | puseste | 你放了 |
| Ele/Ela/Você | pôs | 他/她/您放了 |
| Nós | pusemos | 我们放了 |
| Eles/Elas/Vocês | puseram | 他们/您们放了 |
小贴士：如果你在巴西，你主要会用到 Você 和 Vocês，所以你只需要重点记忆 pôs 和 puseram。如果你在里斯本，tu puseste 会是你生活中的高频词。试着快速念三遍，看看舌头会不会打结？注意，除了第三人称单数把 u 换成了 o 之外，u 这个音在大部分变位中都保留了下来。至于 vós 形式 (pusestes)，除非你在读19世纪的文学名著，否则在日常聊天中完全可以忽略，没人会在海滩上用这个词。
### When To Use It
什么时候使用这个“不规则怪兽”？任何表示“放置”的完成动作都可以用它。比如你把手机放在充电器上：Eu pus o celular para carregar。或者你穿上（放上）了你最爱的球鞋：Eu pus os tênis。它 90% 的时间用于物理动作，但也非常适合数字空间。比如你在 Instagram 上发了一张照片：Eu pus uma foto no Instagram。或者在 TikTok 视频下写了一条评论：Eles puseram um comentário。这是社交媒体时代的必备动词。它也常用于表达抽象概念，比如“结束”：Ela pôs um fim no namoro (她结束了这段恋情)。或者“施压”：Eles puseram pressão no chefe (他们给老板施加了压力)。它还可以表示“设定”，比如设定闹钟：Pus o alarme para as 7h (我把闹钟定在7点)。如果你要把某物从A点移动到B点，pôr 就是你的首选。此外，它的派生词 supor (假设) 也非常有用：Eu supus que você vinha (我假设你会来)。它能让你的表达瞬间显得高级起来，不再仅仅是简单的“放”，而是涉及到“提议”、“组成”等更复杂的逻辑。
### Common Mistakes
  1. 1pôr 与 poder 的混淆：这是最经典的错误。Eu pus (我放了) vs Eu pude (我能/我能够)。如果说成 Eu pude o livro na mesa，听起来就像是“我能够了书在桌子上”，完全不通。记住：pus 里的 s 代表 Setting (放置)，pude 里的 d 代表 Doing (做某事)。
  2. 2忘记 pôs 的重音符号：很多学生会写成 pos。在葡萄牙语里，pos 根本不是一个词，或者会和介词 por 混淆。记住，那个重音符号就是你“放”在动词头上的那顶“帽子”。
  3. 3强行套用 -er 动词的规则：有些同学会造出 porem 或 pormos 这种词。千万别这么做！简单过去时必须是 puseram 和 pusemos。另外，注意 u 的发音，它应该是一个清晰的“oo”音，不要把它发成 puxar (拉) 的音，否则意思就完全反了。
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
在中文里，我们不管放什么，甚至不管放的位置关系，通通都用“放”。但在葡萄牙语中，动词的选择会影响语境的细腻程度。
| 动词 | 场景对比 | 侧重点 |
|---|---|---|
| pôr | 放置物品、设置闹钟、发动态 | 动作本身，通用性强 |
| colocar | 放置物品 (巴西口语首选) | 强调位置，比 pôr 更正式一点 |
| ficar | 东西处于某处 | 强调状态，而非动作 |
| meter | 塞入、放入 (葡萄牙常用) | 强调放入容器或狭窄空间 |
注意 ficar 的误用，如果你想说“我把书放在桌上”，不能说 Fiquei o livro na mesa，因为这意思是“我待在了桌子上”。ficar 是指物体本身“位于”某处，而不是你“放置”它的动作。如果你在巴西，不确定用哪个词，colocar 是最安全的，因为它变位非常规则 (coloquei, colocou)，不会出错。
### Quick FAQ
Q: pôr 到底是 -ar、-er 还是 -ir 动词？
A: 它被归类为不规则的 -er 动词，因为它起源于 poer。它是一个孤独的叛逆者，不属于任何常规阵营。
Q: pôs 上的重音符号一定要写吗？
A: 必须写！这是区分动词和介词 por 的唯一方法。在考试或正式写作中，没有这个符号会被视为拼写错误。
Q: pôr 可以用来表示“穿上”衣服吗？
A: 当然可以。Pus uma jaqueta (我穿上了一件夹克) 是非常地道的表达。
Q: 为什么词干会变成 pus-？
A: 这是拉丁语留下的遗产，就像是一个奇怪的家族传家宝，直接接受它就好，不要试图寻找逻辑，因为这本来就是语言演变的结果。

Conjugation of Pôr (Pretérito Perfeito)

Person Stem Ending Full Form
Eu
pus
-
pus
Tu
pus
este
puseste
Você/Ele/Ela
pus
e
pôs
Nós
pus
emos
pusemos
Vós
pus
estes
pusestes
Vocês/Eles/Elas
pus
eram
puseram

Meanings

The verb 'pôr' is used to describe placing, setting, or putting objects in a specific location in the past.

1

Physical Placement

To place an object in a physical location.

“Eu pus o livro na estante.”

“Ela pôs o café na mesa.”

2

Figurative Placement

To assign a value, a condition, or a state.

“Ele pôs ordem na casa.”

“Eles puseram fé no projeto.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 把东西放进过去：动词 Pôr (pus, pôs)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + pus + ending
Eu pus o café.
Negative
Não + Subject + pus + ending
Eu não pus o café.
Interrogative
Subject + pus + ending + ?
Você pôs o café?
Short Answer (Yes)
Sim, [subject] + pus + ending
Sim, eu pus.
Short Answer (No)
Não, [subject] + não + pus + ending
Não, eu não pus.

正式程度

正式
Eu coloquei os documentos na mesa.

Eu coloquei os documentos na mesa. (Office)

中性
Eu pus os documentos na mesa.

Eu pus os documentos na mesa. (Office)

非正式
Eu botei os documentos na mesa.

Eu botei os documentos na mesa. (Office)

俚语
Eu joguei os documentos na mesa.

Eu joguei os documentos na mesa. (Office)

The 'Pus-' Root Map

PUS-

Singular

  • pus I put
  • puseste You put
  • pôs He/She put

Plural

  • pusemos We put
  • pusestes You all put
  • puseram They put

Pôr vs Colocar

Pôr
Eu pus I put
Colocar
Eu coloquei I placed
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按水平分级的例句

1

Eu pus o livro na mesa.

I put the book on the table.

2

Ela pôs a chave aqui.

She put the key here.

3

Nós pusemos o bolo no forno.

We put the cake in the oven.

4

Eles puseram as roupas na mala.

They put the clothes in the suitcase.

1

Você pôs o sal na comida?

Did you put salt in the food?

2

Eu não pus o meu nome no papel.

I didn't put my name on the paper.

3

Tu puseste o casaco no armário?

Did you put the coat in the closet?

4

Vocês puseram as flores no vaso?

Did you put the flowers in the vase?

1

Ele pôs um fim na discussão.

He put an end to the argument.

2

Nós pusemos muita fé neste projeto.

We put a lot of faith in this project.

3

Eles puseram o plano em prática.

They put the plan into practice.

4

Eu pus o despertador para as sete.

I set the alarm for seven.

1

O governo pôs novas regras em vigor.

The government put new rules into effect.

2

Ela pôs a sua carreira em risco.

She put her career at risk.

3

Eles puseram o foco na qualidade.

They put the focus on quality.

4

Nós pusemos o assunto em pauta.

We put the subject on the agenda.

1

Ele pôs o seu orgulho de lado.

He put his pride aside.

2

Eles puseram o país em alerta máximo.

They put the country on high alert.

3

Eu pus em dúvida a sua palavra.

I called his word into question.

4

Nós pusemos todos os recursos disponíveis.

We put all available resources to use.

1

A empresa pôs em marcha uma reestruturação.

The company set a restructuring in motion.

2

Ele pôs a sua reputação em jogo.

He put his reputation on the line.

3

Eles puseram o dedo na ferida.

They hit the nail on the head (idiomatic).

4

Nós pusemos em xeque a validade do estudo.

We challenged the validity of the study.

容易混淆

Putting Things in the Past: The Verb Pôr (pus, pôs) 对比 Puseram vs Puserem

They sound identical in many dialects.

Putting Things in the Past: The Verb Pôr (pus, pôs) 对比 Pôr vs Botar

Both mean 'to put'.

Putting Things in the Past: The Verb Pôr (pus, pôs) 对比 Pôs vs Pos

One is a verb, one is a preposition (archaic/rare).

常见错误

✗

Eu pui

✓

Eu pus

Learners often apply regular -er endings.
✗

Eu coloquei

✓

Eu pus

While correct, it's not the target irregular form.
✗

Ele pos

✓

Ele pôs

Missing the circumflex accent.
✗

Nós pusemos

✓

Nós pusemos

Actually correct, but often confused with 'pusemos' (present).
✗

Eles puserem

✓

Eles puseram

Confusing past tense with future subjunctive.
✗

Eu puseste

✓

Eu pus

Mixing up person endings.
✗

Ele pôs-se

✓

Ele pôs

Unnecessary reflexive pronoun.

句型

Eu pus ___ na ___.

Você pôs ___ no ___?

Nós pusemos ___ em ___.

Eles puseram ___ em ___.

Real World Usage

Texting very common

Já pus o jantar no forno!

Job Interview common

Eu pus em prática uma nova estratégia.

Travel common

Pusemos as malas no carro.

Cooking very common

Pus o sal na medida certa.

Social Media common

Pus a foto nova no perfil.

Food Delivery App occasional

Pus o endereço correto.

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💡

Focus on the stem

Don't try to memorize every form individually. Just learn 'pus-' and add the endings.
⚠️

Don't forget the accent

The accent on 'pôs' is not optional. It distinguishes the verb from the preposition.
🎯

Use it in chunks

Practice saying 'Eu pus' as a single unit to build fluency.
💬

Mind the dialect

If you are in Brazil, 'botar' is okay. If you are in Portugal, stick to 'pôr'.

Smart Tips

Immediately think of the 'pus-' stem.

Eu pui o livro. → Eu pus o livro.

Check for the accent on 'pôs'.

Ele pos o café. → Ele pôs o café.

It's past tense, not future.

Eles puseram (future) o plano. → Eles puseram (past) o plano.

Use 'pôr' for speed, 'colocar' for precision.

Eu coloquei o copo (too formal). → Eu pus o copo (natural).

发音

/poʃ/

The 'ô' in 'pôs'

The circumflex indicates a closed 'o' sound.

Question

Você pôs? ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Pus' as 'Pushing' something into the past.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant 'PUS' button. Every time you press it, an object flies into a box labeled 'PAST'.

Rhyme

Eu pus, tu puseste, ele pôs, / Nós pusemos, eles puseram, todos nós!

Story

Yesterday, I decided to organize my room. I 'pus' (put) my books on the shelf. Then, I 'pus' (put) my clothes in the drawer. Finally, I 'pus' (put) my phone on the charger.

Word Web

puspusestepôspusemospusestespuseramcolocarlugar

挑战

Write down 5 things you put in your bag today using 'Eu pus...'.

文化笔记

In Brazil, 'botar' is very common as a synonym for 'pôr' in informal speech.

In Portugal, 'pôr' is preferred over 'botar', which can sound very colloquial or even rude.

Usage follows European Portuguese standards but with local rhythmic variations.

Comes from Latin 'ponere'.

对话开场白

“

Onde você pôs as chaves?

“

Você pôs o despertador hoje?

“

O que você pôs na sua mala de viagem?

“

Você já pôs em prática algum plano hoje?

日记主题

Descreva onde você pôs os objetos na sua mesa hoje.
Escreva sobre uma vez que você pôs fé em algo e deu certo.
Como você pôs ordem na sua vida recentemente?
Reflita sobre uma decisão onde você pôs tudo em risco.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'pôr'.

Eu ___ as chaves na mesa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pus
The first person singular is 'pus'.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele pôs o livro.
The 3rd person singular requires the accent.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós puseram o café.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós pusemos
The correct form for 'nós' is 'pusemos'.
Transform to past tense. Sentence Transformation

Eu ponho o livro. -> Eu ___ o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pus
Present 'ponho' becomes 'pus' in the past.
Is this true? True False Rule

The stem for 'pôr' in the past is 'pus-'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Yes, 'pus-' is the correct stem.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Onde você ___ o relatório? B: Eu pus na mesa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pôs
The question is addressed to 'você', so 'pôs' is correct.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

o / mesa / na / pus / Eu / livro

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pus o livro na mesa.
Standard SVO order.
What is the form for 'Eles'? Conjugation Drill

Eles ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: puseram
The 3rd person plural is 'puseram'.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'pôr'.

Eu ___ as chaves na mesa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pus
The first person singular is 'pus'.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele pôs o livro.
The 3rd person singular requires the accent.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós puseram o café.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós pusemos
The correct form for 'nós' is 'pusemos'.
Transform to past tense. Sentence Transformation

Eu ponho o livro. -> Eu ___ o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pus
Present 'ponho' becomes 'pus' in the past.
Is this true? True False Rule

The stem for 'pôr' in the past is 'pus-'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Yes, 'pus-' is the correct stem.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Onde você ___ o relatório? B: Eu pus na mesa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pôs
The question is addressed to 'você', so 'pôs' is correct.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

o / mesa / na / pus / Eu / livro

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pus o livro na mesa.
Standard SVO order.
What is the form for 'Eles'? Conjugation Drill

Eles ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: puseram
The 3rd person plural is 'puseram'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct form. 填空

Eles ___ um comentário engraçado no meu vídeo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: puseram
Correct the verb error. Error Correction

Eu pude o link na bio do Instagram.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pus o link na bio do Instagram.
Reorder the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

as / Eu / na / pus / chaves / mochila

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pus as chaves na mochila
Translate to Portuguese. 翻译

She put the keys in her pocket.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela pôs as chaves no bolso.
Identify the correct derivative usage. 多项选择

I supposed you were here.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu supus que você estava aqui.
Match the pronoun to the correct preterite form. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu:pus, Você:pôs, Nós:pusemos, Eles:puseram
Fill in the blank (European Portuguese). 填空

Tu ___ o livro na estante?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: puseste
Fix the accent mistake. Error Correction

O meu pai pos o carro na garagem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O meu pai pôs o carro na garagem.
Which one uses 'pôr' correctly in a modern context? 多项选择

Select the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pus um filtro na minha foto.
Complete the sentence with a derivative of 'pôr'. 填空

O professor ___ (propor) um novo desafio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: propôs

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

No. 'Pôs' is the verb 'to put'. 'Pos' is an archaic preposition.

The stem 'pus-' is used for all forms, and the ending '-emos' is added.

Yes, 'colocar' is a regular verb and works in almost every context.

It is irregular in the present, preterite, and future subjunctive.

Use 'Eu não pus'.

It is very common in Brazil but considered informal or incorrect in Portugal.

'Puseram' is past tense. 'Puserem' is future subjunctive.

Think of the 'pus' sound as a 'push' into the past.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Poner (puse)

Spanish uses 'puse' for 'I put', while Portuguese uses 'pus'.

French moderate

Poser (posai)

French is regular, Portuguese is irregular.

German low

Setzen/Legen

Portuguese uses one verb 'pôr' for both.

Japanese low

Oku (置く)

Japanese verbs do not conjugate for person.

Arabic low

Wada'a (وضع)

Arabic conjugation is based on gender and number, not just person.

Chinese none

Fàng (放)

Chinese verbs do not change based on tense or person.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
葡萄牙语过去习惯：“我过去常常”（过去未完成时）
Next
如何正确使用'Dizer'的完成过去时（Pretérito Perfeito）

Learn These First

A2 Requires

不规则动词 '放'：Pôr 及其派生词

Overview The verb `pôr` stands as one of Portuguese's most **fundamentally irregular** yet indispensable verbs, translat...
A2 Requires

葡萄牙语过去时：规则 -ar 动词

### Overview 你好！欢迎来到葡萄牙语语法的学习世界。作为一名母语为中文的老师，我非常理解你在学习葡萄牙语时遇到的困惑。今...

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Garotinha de 9 anos canta "My Heart Will Go On". - Celine Tam [Legendado PT-BR] 03:34

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Related Grammar Rules

A2

得知：过去时态中的 Saber (soube)

Overview 如果您曾经在看到 WhatsApp 通知时惊呼一声... (Chinese translation)
A2

过去的描述：使用 'Ser' (Era)

Overview The Portuguese verb `ser` in the **Pretérito Imperfeito** (Imperfect Past) tense, specifically its forms like `...
B1

葡萄牙语过去时：带来了 (trouxe)

Overview 葡萄牙语中的字母X绝对是一张万能牌。有时它听起来像轻柔的'sh'。有时像嗡嗡的'z'。但在动词`trazer`（带来）的过去时...
B1

'Vir' (来) 的过去时：我来了，我看到了……等等，我来了。

概览 你有没有不小心告诉别人你“看到”（saw）派对而不是“来”（came）派对？这种情况比你想象的要多。动词 `Vir`（来）是葡萄牙语...
B1

未完成过去时动词 'ter'：谈论过去 (tinha)

### Overview 你好！作为一名在葡萄牙语学习道路上深耕多年的老师，我非常理解大家在学习过程中的困惑。今天我们要深入探讨的是...
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